Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
What is EMDR?
EMDR is a psychotherapy approach initially developed to reduce the distress associated with traumatic memories (Shapiro, 1989a, 1989b).
EYE MOVEMENT DESENSITIZATION REPROCESSING
Shapiro’s (2001) Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model suggests that EMDR therapy enables the accessing and processing of traumatic memories and other adverse experiences, leading to adaptive resolution. Successful EMDR treatment alleviates emotional distress, reframes negative beliefs, and reduces physiological arousal.
During EMDR sessions, clients briefly focus on emotionally disturbing material while simultaneously engaging with an external stimulus, such as therapist-directed lateral eye movements. Other stimuli, like hand-tapping or audio cues, may also be used (Shapiro, 1991).
According to Shapiro (1995, 2001), EMDR therapy enhances access to the traumatic memory network, facilitating the formation of new associations between the trauma and adaptive memories or information. This process supports complete information processing, promotes new learning, resolves emotional distress, and fosters cognitive insights.
A THREE PART PROTOCOL
- Past events that contribute to dysfunction are processed, creating new connections with adaptive and constructive information.
- Present circumstances that cause distress are addressed, with both internal and external triggers desensitized.
- Future scenarios are explored using imaginal templates, helping clients develop the skills necessary for adaptive functioning.